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前言
現在知乎允許上傳視頻，奈何不能下載視頻，好氣哦，無奈之下研究一下了，然后擼了代碼，方便下載視頻保存。
接下來以 貓為什么一點也不怕蛇？ 回答為例，分享一下整個下載過程。
相關學習推薦：python視頻教程
調試一下
打開 F12, 找到光標，如下圖：
然后將光標移動到視頻上。如下圖：
咦這是什么？視野中出現了一條神秘的鏈接: https://www.zhihu.com/video/xxxxx，讓我們將這條鏈接復制到瀏覽器上，然后打開：
似乎這就是我們要找的視頻，不要著急，讓我們看一看，網頁的請求，然后你會發現一個很有意思的請求(重點來了):
讓我們自己看一下數據吧:
{ "playlist": { "ld": { "width": 360, "format": "mp4", "play_url": "https://vdn.vzuu.com/LD/05fc411e-d8e0-11e8-bb8b-0242ac112a0b.mp4?auth_key=1541477643-0-0-987c2c504d14ab1165ce2ed47759d927&expiration=1541477643&disable_local_cache=1", "duration": 17, "size": 1123111, "bitrate": 509, "height": 640 }, "hd": { "width": 720, "format": "mp4", "play_url": "https://vdn.vzuu.com/HD/05fc411e-d8e0-11e8-bb8b-0242ac112a0b.mp4?auth_key=1541477643-0-0-8b8024a22a62f097ca31b8b06b7233a1&expiration=1541477643&disable_local_cache=1", "duration": 17, "size": 4354364, "bitrate": 1974, "height": 1280 }, "sd": { "width": 480, "format": "mp4", "play_url": "https://vdn.vzuu.com/SD/05fc411e-d8e0-11e8-bb8b-0242ac112a0b.mp4?auth_key=1541477643-0-0-5948c2562d817218c9a9fc41abad1df8&expiration=1541477643&disable_local_cache=1", "duration": 17, "size": 1920976, "bitrate": 871, "height": 848 } }, "title": "", "duration": 17, "cover_info": { "width": 720, "thumbnail": "https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-97b9435a0c32d01c7c931bd00120327d_b.jpg", "height": 1280 }, "type": "video", "id": "1039146361396174848", "misc_info": {} }
沒錯了，我們要下載的視頻就在這里面，其中 ld 代表普清,sd 代表標清, hd 代表高清，把相應鏈接再次在瀏覽器打開，然后右鍵保存就可以下載視頻了。
代碼
知道整個流程是什么樣子，接下來擼代碼的過程就簡單了，這里就不過再做過多解釋了，直接上代碼:
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*- import re import requests import uuid import datetime class DownloadVideo: __slots__ = [ 'url', 'video_name', 'url_format', 'download_url', 'video_number', 'video_api', 'clarity_list', 'clarity' ] def __init__(self, url, clarity='ld', video_name=None): self.url = url self.video_name = video_name self.url_format = "https://www.zhihu.com/question/d+/answer/d+" self.clarity = clarity self.clarity_list = ['ld', 'sd', 'hd'] self.video_api = 'https://lens.zhihu.com/api/videos' def check_url_format(self): pattern = re.compile(self.url_format) matches = re.match(pattern, self.url) if matches is None: raise ValueError( "鏈接格式應符合:https://www.zhihu.com/question/{number}/answer/{number}" ) return True def get_video_number(self): try: headers = { 'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36' } response = requests.get(self.url, headers=headers) response.encoding = 'utf-8' html = response.text video_ids = re.findall(r'data-lens-id="(d+)"', html) if video_ids: video_id_list = list(set([video_id for video_id in video_ids])) self.video_number = video_id_list[0] return self raise ValueError("獲取視頻編號異常:{}".format(self.url)) except Exception as e: raise Exception(e) def get_video_url_by_number(self): url = "{}/{}".format(self.video_api, self.video_number) headers = {} headers['Referer'] = 'https://v.vzuu.com/video/{}'.format( self.video_number) headers['Origin'] = 'https://v.vzuu.com' headers[ 'User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.67 Safari/537.36' headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json' try: response = requests.get(url, headers=headers) response_dict = response.json() if self.clarity in response_dict['playlist']: self.download_url = response_dict['playlist'][ self.clarity]['play_url'] else: for clarity in self.clarity_list: if clarity in response_dict['playlist']: self.download_url = response_dict['playlist'][ self.clarity]['play_url'] break return self except Exception as e: raise Exception(e) def get_video_by_video_url(self): response = requests.get(self.download_url) datetime_str = datetime.datetime.now().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S") if self.video_name is not None: video_name = "{}-{}.mp4".format(self.video_name, datetime_str) else: video_name = "{}-{}.mp4".format(str(uuid.uuid1()), datetime_str) path = "{}".format(video_name) with open(path, 'wb') as f: f.write(response.content) def download_video(self): if self.clarity not in self.clarity_list: raise ValueError("清晰度參數異常,僅支持:ld(普清),sd(標清),hd(高清)") if self.check_url_format(): return self.get_video_number().get_video_url_by_number().get_video_by_video_url() if __name__ == '__main__': a = DownloadVideo('https://www.zhihu.com/question/53031925/answer/524158069') print(a.download_video())
結語
代碼還有優化空間，這里面我只是下載了回答中的第一個視頻，理論上應該存在一個回答下可以有多個視頻的。如果還有什么疑問或者建議，可以多多交流。
相關學習推薦：python視頻教程
