Ubuntu Server下Docker實戰 01: 安裝Docker

本系列文章主旨在于使用docker來搭建實際可用的基礎服務，具體到每一步的操作和設置。

關于docker的原理、前世今生的內容，已經有太多的文章了，此處就不再贅述。

要使用docker，當然第一步就是把它裝到機器上，今天第一篇就講docker自身的安裝。

本文使用的服務器配置如下：

CPU: 8核

內存: 16G

硬盤: 50G+400G雙硬盤

系統: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS

安裝步驟如下：

1. 更新Ubuntu所有組件到最新

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2. 安裝必備軟件

sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

3. 添加密鑰

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add –
sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88

4. 添加docker源倉庫

sudo add-apt-repository  “deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable”

5. 更新倉庫列表

sudo apt-get update

6. 安裝最新版本 docker

sudo apt-get install docker-ce

安裝過程顯示如下，如果網絡順暢的話，應該能夠很順利的安裝完成

Reading package lists… Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information… Done
The following additional packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount libltdl7 pigz
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  aufs-tools cgroupfs-mount docker-ce libltdl7 pigz
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 40.2 MB/40.4 MB of archives.
After this operation, 199 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]
Get:1 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 docker-ce amd64 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu [40.2 MB]
Fetched 3,431 kB in 1min 57s (29.3 kB/s)
Selecting previously unselected package pigz.
(Reading database … 88421 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack …/archives/pigz_2.4-1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking pigz (2.4-1) …
Selecting previously unselected package aufs-tools.
Preparing to unpack …/aufs-tools_1%3a4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb …
Unpacking aufs-tools (1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1) …
Selecting previously unselected package cgroupfs-mount.
Preparing to unpack …/cgroupfs-mount_1.4_all.deb …
Unpacking cgroupfs-mount (1.4) …
Selecting previously unselected package libltdl7:amd64.
Preparing to unpack …/libltdl7_2.4.6-2_amd64.deb …
Unpacking libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.6-2) …
Selecting previously unselected package docker-ce.
Preparing to unpack …/docker-ce_18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu_amd64.deb …
Unpacking docker-ce (18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu) …
Setting up aufs-tools (1:4.9+20170918-1ubuntu1) …
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20) …
Setting up cgroupfs-mount (1.4) …
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) …
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.3) …
Setting up libltdl7:amd64 (2.4.6-2) …
Processing triggers for man-db (2.8.3-2) …
Setting up pigz (2.4-1) …
Setting up docker-ce (18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu) …
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/sockets.target.wants/docker.socket → /lib/systemd/system/docker.socket.
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-20) …
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.27-3ubuntu1) …
Processing triggers for systemd (237-3ubuntu10.3) …

至此，docker安裝完成，下面對docker做一些基本配置

7. 設置docker拉取鏡像使用的代理(本步驟可選，根據實際需要設置)

# 創建配置目錄
mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d

# 編輯配置文件
vi /etc/systemd/system/docker.service.d/http-proxy.conf

插入如下內容

[Service]
Environment=”HTTP_PROXY=http://192.168.0.158:3128/”

保存退出，重啟docker

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker

查看配置結果

systemctl show –property=Environment docker

8. 來一個hello world

sudo docker pull hello-world
sudo docker run hello-world

如果配置正常的話將顯示如下結果

Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
d1725b59e92d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:0add3ace90ecb4adbf7777e9aacf18357296e799f81cabc9fde470971e499788
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the “hello-world” image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/